I2C bus ("I two C", also known as the "Inter-IC Bus" or "I Squared C") is commonly used to interconnect integrated circuits (ICs) in electronic systems. ADS products use the bus for a few internal purposes, and some (eg. BitsyX, AGX, VGX) expose the bus for communicating with off-board devices.
Software Windows CE: topic 1402 Linux: see code used to communicate with the real-time clock
The I2C bus on ADS products runs at 3.3 volts, while some I2C buses run at 5V. Resistive bridges between buses can't be used primarily because the bus voltage exceeds the absolute maximum ratings for XScale GPIOs (3.6V, with an absolute maximum of 4.0V). The lower resistance from parallel pull-ups may also exceed the I2C current draw specs.
Section 18.1 of the Philips I2C spec diagrams the recommended (and clever) method for bridging between busses of different voltages. This Philips page also describes the circuit